The ocean and cryosphere support unique habitats, and are interconnected with other components of the climate system through global exchange of water, energy and carbon. Around 10% of Earth’s land area is covered by glaciers or ice sheets. The cryosphere refers to frozen components of the Earth system 1. The global ocean covers 71% of the Earth surface and contains about 97% of the Earth’s water. Confidence in key findings is reported using IPCC calibrated language 6 and the underlying scientific basis for each key finding is indicated by references to sections of the underlying report.Īll people on Earth depend directly or indirectly on the ocean and cryosphere. To assist navigation of the SPM, icons indicate where content can be found. This Summary for Policymakers (SPM) compiles key findings of the report and is structured in three parts: SPM.A: Observed Changes and Impacts, SPM.B: Projected Changes and Risks, and SPM.C: Implementing Responses to Ocean and Cryosphere Change. The SROCC follows the other two Special Reports on Global Warming of 1.5☌ (SR1.5) and on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) 5 and the Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. By assessing new scientific literature 3, the SROCC 4 responds to government and observer organization proposals. of sea ice in driving Southern Ocean salinity changes, with Haumann et al. This Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere 1 in a Changing Climate (SROCC) was prepared following an IPCC Panel decision in 2016 to prepare three Special Reports during the Sixth Assessment Cycle 2. Reports of thinning, less stable, and less predictable landfast ice have been. Elvira Poloczanska (United Kingdom, Australia).Carolina Adler (Switzerland, Australia).
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